Chemistry

Nobel patented kieselguhr-stabilized nitroglycerin as dynamite, making blasting safe enough for canals, mines, and railroads. The ...

Bayer's Hoffmann acetylated salicylic acid into a gentler analgesic, patented in Germany 1899 and America as patent 644,077. The t...

Haber patented ammonia synthesis in 1908; Bosch's BASF team scaled monstrous high-pressure reactors by 1913. Nitrogen fertilizer f...

GE microbiologist Ananda Chakrabarty engineered a Pseudomonas bacterium carrying plasmids that let it break down several component...