Before 1800

Gutenberg adapted screw-press and metallurgy into movable metal type, printing 180 Bibles by 1455. Europe had no patent system, so...

Watt's patent, An Invented Method of Lessening the Consumption of Steam and Fuel in Fire Engines, covered the separate condenser. ...

London watchmaker Cumming patented the first flush toilet design with an S-shaped trap holding water against sewer gas. His slidin...

Whitney's toothed cylinder separated seeds from short-staple cotton fifty times faster than hand labor. His business model of mono...